Caractéristique qui se manifeste à trois niveaux : 

1) au niveau du traducteur quand il se manifeste sur les plans textuel (dans le texte cible), paratextuel (e.g. présentations, préfaces, avant-propos, notes du traducteur, etc.) et extratextuel (e.g. mention publique du traducteur) ;

2) au niveau de l’activité du traducteur quand il tend à traduire en préservant l’aspect étranger du texte source, sans se soumettre aux pressions imposées par les pratiques culturelles et commerciales en vigueur ; 

3) au niveau de la traduction qui est principalement sourcière.

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La conjoncture traductologique actuelle ne cesse […] de repousser les limites de la visibilité du traducteur. Plus que jamais, le traducteur assume ses choix (de traduction), prend des engagements politiques, se lance en théorie, voit la qualité littéraire de son ouvrage enfin récompensée ou bien livre son corps (et surtout ses yeux) à l’examen de la science […allusion aux travaux récents sur la traduction s’appuyant sur le Eye Tracking System].

Venuti lie la visibilité à l’étrangéisation  qui vise à préserver le caractère étranger des œuvres traduites. 

A feature that occurs at three levels:

(1) that of the translator who shows his presence in the target text itself, in the paratext (e.g. footnote, foreword, preface, introduction, epilogue etc.) and/or through extratextual elements (e.g. public citing of the translator’s name);

(2) that of the translator’s activity in which the translator preserves the foreign aspect of the source text and does not give the illusion of fluency or the impression that a text has not actually been translated at all, thus resisting the pressures imposed by current cultural and commercial practices ; and

(3) that of the translation which is mainly source-oriented.

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1- Venuti links visibility to the notion of foreignization that « seeks to restrain the ethnocentric violence of translation and « resists dominant target-language cultural values so as to signify the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text ».

2- In Translation Studies, visibility was empirically examined in the workplace. For example,  conducted an empirical study to examine interpreters’ visibility and their perceptions of their role through a survey administered across languages in Canada, Mexico and the United States.

She defines the visibility of the interpreter as “the manifestations of the interpreter’s behaviors to manage social factors as the interpretation unfolds”. Her survey contained five components of visibility:

1) aligning with one of the parties; 2) establishing trust/facilitating mutual respect between the parties; 3) communicating affect as well as message; 4) explaining cultural gaps/interpreting culture; 5) establishing communication rules.

État de conscience pré-verbal qui entraîne de façon nécessaire l’émission de paroles. Il est pour l’orateur/scripteur ce qui sera le sens pour l’auditeur/lecteur. Contrairement à la pensée, le vouloir dire est objectivement saisissable à travers les significations linguistiques pertinentes associées aux compléments cognitifs.

A pre-verbal conscious mental state which of necessity results in an utterance. To the speaker/writer, intended meaning is what sense is to the listener/reader. Unlike thought, intended meaning can be objectively grasped through an association between relevant linguistic meanings and cognitive inputs.

1-Understanding among translators and interpreters is different from understanding among normal receptors, since it is a deliberate and more analytical act of communication which requires the apprehension of sense in its totality so that sense matches the intended meaning (vouloir dire) of the sender of the source text.

2- One of the most basic – and at the same time most powerful – processing models of interpreting is that of the théorie du sens […] which posits “deverbalized sense” as the pinnacle of a triangular process leading from one language to another. Rather than direct verbal “transcoding” (between languages), interpreting proper, according to this model, or theory, has a cognitive foundation and requires the interpreter to grasp a speaker’s intended message (vouloir dire) before re-expressing it in another language.